Student assignments for MD-4000-22_053343 Advanced Electronics Moduponent™ kit 95-MD-4000-22_053343_REVB © ConsuLab Educatech Inc, 2026. All rights reserved. 400-6330 Zéphirin-Paquet St. Québec QC G2C 0M3 Canada consulab.com info@consulab.com Toll-free: +1 (800) 567-0791 USA: +1 (810) 222-4525 Canada: +1 (418) 688-9067 Fax: +1 (418) 843-3444 2 95-MD-4000-22 Table of Contents Table of Contents General Description 4 Features 4 Educational Advantages 4 List of MD-4000-22 Moduponents™ 4 Student Assignments SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors 6 Theory of operation: 6 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 1 8 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 9 SA-2 — MD-4020 Capacitors 12 Theory of operation : 12 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 14 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 17 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer 20 Theory of operation: 20 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 1 22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 2 24 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay 25 Theory of operation: 25 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 27 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 2 30 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) 32 Theory of operation: 32 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 1 34 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 2 35 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor 37 Theory of operation: 37 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor — Level 1 39 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs 40 Theory of operation: 40 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 1 42 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 43 400-6330 Zéphirin-Paquet St. Québec QC G2C 0M3 Canada consulab.com info@consulab.com Toll-free: +1 (800) 567-0791 USA: +1 (810) 222-4525 Canada: +1 (418) 688-9067 Fax: +1 (418) 843-3444 3 95-MD-4000-22 Table of Contents SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s 46 Theory of operation: 46 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 1 48 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 2 50 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch 52 Theory of operation: 52 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 1 54 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 2 56 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor 57 Theory of operation: 57 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 1 59 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 2 60 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid 62 Theory of operation: 62 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 1 64 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 2 65 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes 67 Theory of operation: 67 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 1 69 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 2 71 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors 73 Theory of operation: 73 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 1 75 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 2 77 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) 79 Theory of operation: 79 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 1 82 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2 84 © ConsuLab Educatech Inc, 2026. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in Canada. The content of this manual is applicable to models 053287 and above. consulab.com info@consulab.com 4 95-MD-4000-22 General Description General Description The ConsuLab MD-4000-22_053343 is a versatile and adaptable electrical/electronic training series that allows stu- dents to build electronic circuits. Features • Protected with removable metal cover • Adjustable and protected power supply (2-14VDC) • Moduponent™ storage rails allow up to 16 individual Moduponents™ Educational Advantages • Can be used for teaching basic Ohm’s law or complex electronic circuits • Self-contained unit has a protected built-in adjustable power supply • Storage case holds up to 16 different Moduponents™ • The set includes 15 different Moduponents™ from the entire MD-4000 series • Uses industry standard schematic symbols • Provides extreme flexibilty to allow instructors to create additional assignments and student activities • Can assist instructors in the instruction of many tasks in area A6 and others of the ASE Education Foundation (NATEF) List of MD-4000-22 Moduponents™ MD-4000_053061 – 2-15VDC Variable Power Supply MD-4010_053062 – Set of 4 Resistors (47/100/220/470 Ω) MD-4020_053097 – Set of 4 Capacitors (2x100/1100/2200 μF) MD-4030_053070 – Variable Resistor (Potentiometer) MD-4040_053068 – 12VDC ISO Relay MD-4052_053067 – NCT - Thermistor MD-4056_053080 – Ultrasonic Sensor MD-4070_053063 – Incandescent & LED Light Bulbs MD-4071_053098 – Set of 4 Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) MD-4091_053065 – Set of 2 DPDT toggle switches MD-4111_053073 – 12VDC Fan Motor CPU MD-4114_053134 – Solenoid MD-4140_053075 – Set of 5 Diodes, 1 Wheatstone Bridge and 1 Zener diode MD-4141_053076 – Set of 3 Optical Sensors MD-4142_053077 – Set of 4 Transistors consulab.com info@consulab.com 5 95-MD-4000-22 Student Assignments Student Assignments consulab.com info@consulab.com 6 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) (47 Ω, 100 Ω, 220 Ω, 470 Ω) SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) (47 Ω, 100 Ω, 220 Ω, 470 Ω) Electrical Symbol : 0.281'' PLEXI 1/4" LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4010 100Ω - 2W 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W RESISTORS RÉSISTANCES MODUPONENT Theory of operation: A resistor is a passive two-terminal component that becomes an electrical resistance when current passes though it in an electrical circuit. While a conductor has low resistance, an insulator has much higher resistance. Some resistors are composed of carbon dust (or graphite) which is a good conductor, so resistors with higher concen- trations of carbon have lower electrical lower resistance. Other resistors are composed of carbon or metal film, wire wound or metal oxide. A resistor works by converting electrical energy into heat which is then dissipated into the air, causing a drop in voltage as current passes through it. Remember Ohm’s Law: Voltage = Amperage X Resistance. The resistance of any resistor changes with temperature, usually increasing resistance with increasing temperature. The fixed resistance value and tolerance can be determined by a standardized color code of painted bands on the resistor MD-4000 Moduponent: MD-4010 Resistors (4) 47W, 100W, 220W, 470W Electrical Symbol: (USA) (Europe) Theory of operation: A resistor is a passive two-terminal component that becomes an electrical resistance when current passes though it in an electrical circuit. While a conductor has low resistance, an insulator has much higher resistance. Some resistors are composed of carbon dust (or graphite) which is a good conductor, so resistors with higher concentrations of carbon have lower electrical lower resistance. Other resistors are composed of carbon or metal film, wire wound or metal oxide. A resistor works by converting electrical energy into heat which is then dissipated into the air, causing a drop in voltage as current passes through it. Remember Ohm’s Law: Voltage = Amperage X Resistance The resistance of any resistor changes with temperature, usually increasing resistance with increasing temperature. The fixed resistance value and tolerance can be determined by a standardized color code of painted bands on the resistor. Resistors are commonly used to: • reduce current flow • divide voltages • adjust signal levels • bias active elements • terminate transmission lines • and more Safety and Safeguards: ONLY use the protected built-in power supply Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON TEMPERATURE UP when in operation No polarity to be observed here consulab.com info@consulab.com 7 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) (47 Ω, 100 Ω, 220 Ω, 470 Ω) Resistors are commonly used to: • Reduce current flow • Divide voltages • Adjust signal levels • Bias active elements • Terminate CAN Bus transmission lines • And more. Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • TEMPERATURE UP when in operation. • No polarity needs to be observed here. Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation • MD-4041 Flasher load operation • MD-4110 Buzzer load operation • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4112 Stepper Motor load operation • MD-4113 Chime load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Assorted loose resistors for practice (provided by instructor) consulab.com info@consulab.com 8 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 1 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Practice measuring the resistance of 4 resistors with a DVOM. LEVEL 1 BASIC RESISTOR OPERATION DONE Measure non-working (static) resistance. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the DVOM red lead to one of the yellow terminals of the TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the other yellow terminal of the TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 1 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω See wiring diagram #2 Connect the DVOM red lead to one of the yellow terminals of the SECOND from TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the other yellow terminal of the SECOND from TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 2 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω See wiring diagram #3 Connect the DVOM red lead to one of the yellow terminals of the THIRD from TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the other yellow terminal of the THIRD from TOP resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 3 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω See wiring diagram #4 Connect the DVOM red lead to one of the yellow terminals of the BOTTOM resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to one of the yellow terminals of the BOTTOM resistor on the MD-4010 Resistor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 4 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω 5 Practice on assorted loose resistors provided by your instructor. SET METER: Ohms 100Ω - 2W REVC RESISTORS RÉSISTANCES 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT MD-4010 MD-4010 SET METER: Ohms 100Ω - 2W REVC RESISTORS RÉSISTANCES 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT MD-4010 MD-4010 SET METER: Ohms 100Ω - 2W REVC RESISTORS RÉSISTANCES 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT MD-4010 MD-4010 SET METER: Ohms 100Ω - 2W REVC RESISTORS RÉSISTANCES 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT MD-4010 MD-4010 WIRING DIAGRAM #1 WIRING DIAGRAM #2 WIRING DIAGRAM #3 WIRING DIAGRAM #4 Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 9 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: A basic electrical circuit will be created with different resistors inserted into the ground path of this circuit to visualize the effect resistance has on a load and also practice voltage drop testing. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4070 Light Bulbs. WIRING DIAGRAM #5 WIRING DIAGRAM #6 WIRING DIAGRAM #7 WIRING DIAGRAM #8 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4010 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MD-4070 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4010 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MD-4070 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4010 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MD-4070 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4010 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MD-4070 LEVEL 2A BUILDING AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH DIFFERENT GROUND CIRCUIT RESISTANCES DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED + terminal of the L2 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs. See wiring diagrams 5-8 Connect a black wire from the BLACK - terminal of the L2 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs to either one of the YELLOW terminals of the correct Ω MD-4010 Resistor * Connect a black wire from the other YELLOW terminal of the same Ω MD-4010 Resistor back to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply. Set the DVOM to V DC. Following the instructions on next pages for level 2B, use your DVOM red lead and record mea- surements. consulab.com info@consulab.com 10 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 LEVEL 2B MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE & VOLTAGE DROP DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #5 * 47 Ω MD-4010 Resistor. 1 Record voltage at the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 2 Record voltage at the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 3 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 47 Ω resistor from the bulb: V 4 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 47 Ω resistor to ground: V Now, move both DVOM leads as follows: 5 Red DVOM lead to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Black DVOM lead to the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Record voltage drop (Vd) over the bulb here: Vd 6 Red DVOM lead to either of the 47 Ω MD-4010 Resistor YELLOW terminals Black DVOM lead to the other YELLOW terminal of the 47 Ω MD-4010 Resistor Record voltage drop (Vd) over the resistor here: Vd 7 Using industry standard symbols, draw a wiring diagram of this circuit on a piece of paper. LEVEL 2B MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE & VOLTAGE DROP DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #6 * 100 Ω MD-4010 Resistor. Reconnect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply 1 Record voltage at the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 2 Record voltage at the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 3 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 100 Ω resistor from the bulb: V 4 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 100 Ω resistor to ground: V Now, move both DVOM leads as follows: 5 Red DVOM lead to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Black DVOM lead to the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Record voltage drop (Vd) over the bulb here: Vd 6 Red DVOM lead to either of the 100 Ω MD-4010 Resistor YELLOW terminals Black DVOM lead to the other YELLOW terminal of the 100 Ω MD-4010 Resistor Record voltage drop (Vd) over the resistor here: Vd 7 Using industry standard symbols, draw a wiring diagram of this circuit on a piece of paper. consulab.com info@consulab.com 11 95-MD-4000-22 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 LEVEL 2B MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE & VOLTAGE DROP DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #7 * 220 Ω MD-4010 Resistor. Reconnect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply 1 Record voltage at the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 2 Record voltage at the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 3 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 220 Ω resistor from the bulb: V 4 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 220 Ω resistor to ground: V Now, move both DVOM leads as follows: 5 Red DVOM lead to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Black DVOM lead to the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Record voltage drop (Vd) over the bulb here: Vd 6 Red DVOM lead to either of the 220 Ω MD-4010 Resistor YELLOW terminals Black DVOM lead to the other YELLOW terminal of the 220 Ω MD-4010 Resistor Record voltage drop (Vd) over the resistor here: Vd 7 Using industry standard symbols, draw a wiring diagram of this circuit on a piece of paper. LEVEL 2B MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE & VOLTAGE DROP DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #8 * 470 Ω MD-4010 Resistor. Reconnect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply 1 Record voltage at the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 2 Record voltage at the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb: V 3 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 470 Ω resistor from the bulb: V 4 Record voltage at the YELLOW terminal of the 470 Ω resistor to ground: V Now, move both DVOM leads as follows: 5 Red DVOM lead to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Black DVOM lead to the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb Record voltage drop (Vd) over the bulb here: Vd 6 Red DVOM lead to either of the 470 Ω MD-4010 Resistor YELLOW terminals Black DVOM lead to the other YELLOW terminal of the 470 Ω MD-4010 Resistor Record voltage drop (Vd) over the resistor here: Vd 7 Using industry standard symbols, draw a wiring diagram of this circuit on a piece of paper. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 12 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — MD-4020 Capacitors (4) (100 µF, 100 µF, 1100 µF, 2200 µF) SA-2 — MD-4020 Capacitors (4) (100 µF, 100 µF, 1100 µF, 2200 µF) Electrical Symbol : 0.281'' PLEXI 1/4" LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4020 MODUPONENT CAPACITORS CONDENSATEURS 100 UF 100 UF 1100 UF 2200 UF 3.222 5.215 Theory of operation : A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electrostatic way. Electrostatic means relating to stationary electric charges and the most common example is static electricity caused by rubbing two surfac- es together. The three laws of electrical charges are: • Opposite charges attract each other • Like charges repel each other • Charged objects attract neutral objects. An electrostatic force is an attractive and repulsive force between particles caused by their electric charges. (read Cou- lomb’s Law). What do we need to know for working with a capacitor? Capacitance means the ability to store an electric charge. A capacitor can be charged up, store an electric charge and then be discharged at a fast rate, not unlike a static electric discharge. This can result in an electrical shock. Capacitors are rated in a unit of capacitance called a farad (after Michael Faraday). µF means microfarad which is a millionth of a farad. Capacitor is commonly used for electronic circuits such as smoothing, filtering, turning on high amp circuits, flash light- ing, electric motor control and aid in the rapid collapse of a coil’s magnetic field (ignition coils). Safety and Safeguards: • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON • DO NOT charge these capacitors with any outside power source • Avoid touching test leads together while also connected to a charged capacitor. consulab.com info@consulab.com 13 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — MD-4020 Capacitors (4) (100 µF, 100 µF, 1100 µF, 2200 µF) Companion Moduponents™: • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4010 Resistors load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation Additional Equipment: • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Moduponent™ MD-4010 Resistors. consulab.com info@consulab.com 14 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Charge a capacitor with a low voltage charge and visually observing it discharge while measuring it with a DVOM. WIRING DIAGRAM #1 μ F 100 μ F 2200 μ F 100 μ F MODUPONENT REVC MD-4020 1100 CONDENSATEURS CAPACITORS LEVEL 1 CAPACITOR CHARGE / DISCHARGE DONE Charge and discharge a capacitor – low voltage. DO THIS: Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. See wiring diagram #1 Set the DVOM to diode check function (2.5-3.0 VDC test voltage). With the DVOM leads still connected, switch the setting to DCV (this turns off the diode test voltage from the DVOM and now the meter is set to read voltage). 1 You are now measuring the voltage from the DVOM diode test that is now stored in the capaci- tor. Measure voltage and record here: V 2 Leave the leads connected for 5 minutes and record the voltage that remains stored in the capacitor: V 3 Record observation here: 4 Interpret observation here: consulab.com info@consulab.com 15 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 WIRING DIAGRAM #2 μ F 100 μ F 2200 μ F 100 μ F MODUPONENT REVC MD-4020 1100 CONDENSATEURS CAPACITORS LEVEL 1 CAPACITOR CHARGE / DISCHARGE DONE DO THIS: Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 1100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 1100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. See wiring diagram #2 Set the DVOM to diode check function (2.5-3.0 VDC test voltage). With the DVOM leads still connected, switch the setting to DCV (this turns off the diode test voltage from the DVOM and now the meter is set to read voltage). 1 You are now measuring the voltage from the DVOM diode test that is now stored in the capaci- tor. Measure voltage and record here: V 2 Leave the leads connected for 5 minutes and record the voltage that remains stored in the capacitor: V 3 Record observation here: 4 Interpret observation here: consulab.com info@consulab.com 16 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 WIRING DIAGRAM #3 μ F 100 μ F 2200 μ F 100 μ F MODUPONENT REVC MD-4020 1100 CONDENSATEURS CAPACITORS LEVEL 1 CAPACITOR CHARGE / DISCHARGE DONE DO THIS: Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 2200 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 2200 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors Moduponent™. See wiring diagram #2 Set the DVOM to diode check function (2.5-3.0 VDC test voltage). With the DVOM leads still connected, switch the setting to DCV (this turns off the diode test voltage from the DVOM and now the meter is set to read voltage). 1 You are now measuring the voltage from the DVOM diode test that is now stored in the capaci- tor. Measure voltage and record here: V 2 Leave the leads connected for 5 minutes and record the voltage that remains stored in the capacitor: V 3 Record observation here: 4 Interpret observation here: Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 17 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Charge 3 capacitors with a 12 V charge and visually observe voltage with a DVOM as it discharges, observing the time it takes to discharge. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4010 Resistors. 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4010 WIRING DIAGRAM #4 LEVEL 2 CHARGING AND DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR WITH A 12 V SOURCE VOLTAGE DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. Prepare the DVOM to measure capacitor discharge as follows: Use the MD-4000 provided red/black wires as the DVOM leads. Set the DVOM to V DC. See wiring diagram #4 Connect a red wire to a YELLOW terminal of the 470 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors then connect it piggy-back to the DVOM red lead. Connect a black wire to the other YELLOW terminal of the 470 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors then connect it piggy-back to the DVOM black lead. The 470 W resistor is now in parallel to the DVOM leads. consulab.com info@consulab.com 18 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 μ F 100 μ F 2200 μ F 100 μ F MODUPONENT REVC MD-4020 1100 CONDENSATEURS CAPACITORS MD-4010 MD-4020 WIRING DIAGRAM #5 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 μ F 100 μ F 2200 μ F 100 μ F MODUPONENT REVC MD-4020 1100 CONDENSATEURS CAPACITORS MD-4010MD-4000 MD-4020 WIRING DIAGRAM #6 LEVEL 2 100 µF CAPACITOR DONE To prepare to charge the 100 µF capacitor, do the following: Connect the resistor piggy-backed DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. See wiring diagram #5 Connect the resistor piggy-backed DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 100 µF ca- pacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. To charge the 100 µF capacitor, do the following: See wiring diagram #6 Connect a red wire from the RED + of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM red lead already in the RED + terminal of the 100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. MOMENTARILY, connect and disconnect a black wire from the BLACK - of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM black lead already in the BLACK terminal of the 100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. Just connect for 5 seconds to allow the capacitor to charge, then disconnect. 1 Upon disconnecting the black lead, observe the DVOM voltage reading and record how much time it takes to discharge the capacitor: 2 Interpret observation here: consulab.com info@consulab.com 19 95-MD-4000-22 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 LEVEL 2 1100 µF CAPACITOR DONE DO THIS: REPEAT EXERCISE FOR THE 1100 µF CAPACITOR To prepare to charge the 1100 µF capacitor, do the following: Connect your resistor piggy-backed DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 1100 µF capaci- tor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. See wiring diagram #5 Connect your resistor piggy-backed DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 1100 µF capaci- tor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. To charge the 1100 µF capacitor, do the following: See wiring diagram #6 Connect a red wire from the RED + of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM red lead already in the RED + terminal of the 1100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. MOMENTARILY, connect and disconnect a black wire from the BLACK - of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM black lead already in the BLACK terminal of the 1100 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. Just connect for 5 seconds to allow the capacitor to charge, then disconnect. 1 Upon disconnecting the black lead, observe the DVOM voltage reading and record how much time it takes to discharge the capacitor: 2 Interpret observation here: LEVEL 2 2200 µF CAPACITOR DONE DO THIS: REPEAT EXERCISE FOR THE 2200 µF CAPACITOR To prepare to charge the 2200 µF capacitor, do the following: Connect your resistor piggy-backed DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the 2200 µF capaci- tor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. See wiring diagram #5 Connect your resistor piggy-backed DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the 2200 µF capaci- tor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. To charge the 2200 µF capacitor, do the following: See wiring diagram #6 Connect a red wire from the RED + of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM red lead already in the RED + terminal of the 2200 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. MOMENTARILY, connect and disconnect a black wire from the BLACK - of the 12V power supply to stack on top of the DVOM black lead already in the BLACK terminal of the 2200 µF capacitor on the MD-4020 Capacitors. Just connect for 5 seconds to allow the capacitor to charge, then disconnect. 1 Upon disconnecting the black lead, observe the DVOM voltage reading and record how much time it takes to discharge the capacitor: 2 Interpret observation here: Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 20 95-MD-4000-22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer Electrical Symbol: 0.281'' PLEXI 1/4" LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.08'' MD-4030 MODUPONENT POTENTIOMETER POTENTIOMÈTRE 50Ω - 25W Theory of operation: A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or wiping contact that creates an adjustable voltage divider. Two of the terminals are each end of a fixed resistance while the third terminal can be moved to different positions across the fixed resistance. In a potentiometer, the entire input voltage is applied across the length of this resistance and the output voltage is the voltage drop between the fixed and sliding contact. When moving the slider, the resistance between the sliding contact and one end of the resistance decreases while the resistance between the sliding contact and the other side of the resis- tance increases A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large input voltage into a smaller output voltage. Voltage division is the result of distributing the input voltage among the components of the divider or in the case of a potentiometer, distrib- uting input voltage across the length of the resistor coil. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics. If only two terminals of the potentiometer are used, one end and the wiper, it controls amperage and acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is another way to control voltage and will be covered later in the as- signment for the MD-4001 ModuponentTM. Potentiometers are commonly used to volume controls on audio equipment, lighting brightness control and fan speed control. Safety and Safeguards: • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • The resistor coil will get warm to hot with higher voltage applied. consulab.com info@consulab.com 21 95-MD-4000-22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4071 LED’s load operation • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4111 Motor load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Pencil / Paper consulab.com info@consulab.com 22 95-MD-4000-22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 1 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 1 Level 1A exercise: Demonstrate voltage dividing and how a potentiometer achieves this. Voltage Divide #1 Voltage Divide #2 LEVEL 1A UNDERSTANDING RESISTANCE DONE Use a visual illustration to introduce voltage division, then follow up with an application demonstration using the potentiometer (1B). DO THIS: On a piece of paper, use a pencil to draw a 4” line. Make it a heavy, thick line. Using a DVOM set to Ω (resistance) touch the red lead on one end of the drawn line. See above photos Touch the black lead on the other end of the drawn line. 1 Record the resistance reading: _____ Ω Now, without lifting the leads from the pencil line, move the leads slowly closer together. 2 Observe and record the resistance readings when the leads are 3” apart: _____ Ω 3 Observe and record the resistance readings when the leads are 2” apart: _____ Ω 4 Observe and record the resistance readings when the leads are 1” apart: _____ Ω 5 Discuss the path that the ohm meters test voltage travels for each reading. consulab.com info@consulab.com 23 95-MD-4000-22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 1 Level 1B exercise: Practice measuring the resistance of 4 resistors with a DVOM. MODUPONENT REVC MD-4030 50Ω - 25W POTENTIOMÈTRE POTENTIOMETER MD-4030 WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1B MEASURING RESISTANCE DONE Using the resistance lesson learned from 1A, demonstrate this on the potentiometer. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the black lead from a DVOM to the LEFT terminal of the MD-4030 Potentiometer. Connect the red lead from a DVOM to the CENTER terminal of the MD-4030 Potentiometer. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) Observe the resistance reading while moving the potentiometer dial between 0 - 100. 1 Which reading (0-100) is represented by the leads being 4” apart in Exercise 1A? Ω 2 Which reading (0-100) is represented by the leads being 1” apart in Exercise 1A? Ω Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 24 95-MD-4000-22 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 2 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Using the resistance lesson learned from Student Assignment SA1B, demonstrate potentiometer voltage dividing. MODUPONENT REVC MD-4030 50Ω - 25W POTENTIOMÈTRE POTENTIOMETER MD-4030MD-4000 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #2 MODUPONENT REVC MD-4030 50Ω - 25W POTENTIOMÈTRE POTENTIOMETER MD-4030MD-4000 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #3 LEVEL 2 BASIC POTENTIOMETER OPERATION DONE Observe voltage division with a DVOM and a potentiometer. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #2 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the LEFT terminal of the MD-4030 Potentiometer (output from a circuit/ input to potentiometer). Connect a black wire from the RIGHT terminal of the MD-4030 Potentiometer back to the BLACK – of the power supply (potentiometer ground circuit) Set the DVOM on V DC Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the CENTER terminal of the MD-4030 Potentiometer (output from potentiometer / input to a circuit) Turn MD-4030 Potentiometer knob and observe divided voltage. See wiring diagram #3 Reverse power and ground wires to the potentiometer (RIGHT / Power – LEFT / Ground). Turn MD-4030 Potentiometer knob and again observe divided voltage. 1 Discuss and explain differences in voltage division measurements: 2 Using industry standard symbols, on a piece of paper draw a wiring diagram of a circuit using a potentiometer to control a light bulb. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 25 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay Electrical Symbol: LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' MODUPONENT MD-4040 12 VDC RELAY RELAIS 12 VCC 85 86 87 3087a Theory of operation: Simply put, an automotive relay is an electrically or electronically operated switch that is able to control high current loads with a low current control circuit. There are two circuits inside a relay that are independent of each other, and often there is no physical connection between the two. The low current side is called the control circuit and the high current side is called the load circuit. The only “connection” is from electromagnetism. This is achieved by a coil of wire in the control circuit which becomes an electromagnet when that circuit is closed. This amount of current in the coil becomes the only load of that control circuit. (See above schematic) Common relays can have two sets of contacts in the high current side. One set remain “closed” and the other remain “open” when the relay is off. Energizing the relay reverses the position of the contacts. The terms N.C. (normally closed) and N.O. (normally open) are used to describe the position of the contacts. The relay above is a five terminal relay. More basic relays can have four terminals and only a N.O. set of contacts that close when the relay is energized. The magnetic field created in the control circuit coil then causes an armature to move the contacts to either open or close depending on the design. The high current is switched on through the durable set of contacts that provide longevity of the connection. Newer relays control the load with electronics and use transistors to switch control circuit. It is important to note that most relays use some sort of “voltage spike” suppression to control the inductive “kick” that is created when a relay coil is energized and then turned off. This kick could damage sensitive electronics elsewhere in the circuit if not controlled. The MD-4040 Relay Moduponent uses an internal resistor in parallel to the coil for spike suppression. For more information regarding testing relays go to the ConsuLab website under “Available Training”. The International Organization of Standardization (ISO) has designated relay connections to be commonly labeled as follows: 85 & 86 Control circuit coil power and ground *(low amp) 30 Battery 12V to operate load (high amp) consulab.com info@consulab.com 26 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay 87A N.C. contact of load circuit switch (not used) 87 N.O. contact of load circuit switch, connects to 30 when control circuit coil is energized NOTE: Remember that specific vehicle manufacturers can often change how terminals 85 & 86 are used to control and feed the relay coil. Terminal 85 or 86 can be the B+ and the other terminal would be the ground. It is imperative to always check the vehicle specific circuit schematic to properly identify the relay terminals and how they are used in the circuit. Relays are found in all types of transportation vehicles (cars, trucks, vans, off-road equipment, agriculture, trailers, motorcycles, airplanes and boats) and are used to control any high amperage draw component. Examples are lighting control, electric motors like fuel pumps, wipers, windows, seat motors, or horns and solenoids. Safety and Safeguards • Use ONLY the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4141 Optical Sensor circuit control • MD-4142 Transistors circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation (resistance required) Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 27 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 Level 1A exercise: Build a relay control circuit to energize the relay control coil. MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4040 WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1A BASIC RELAY CONTROL OPERATION DONE Build a relay control circuit using the built-in variable power supply as source voltage. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. Turn OFF the power supply. See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 86 of the MD-4040 Relay Moduponent™. Connect a black wire from terminal 85 of the MD-4040 Relay back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Control circuit is now ready to test. Turn power supply ON and listen for an audible “click” as the contacts close. Unplug any wire to listen for contacts to open, then plug the wire back in to hear a “click” as the contacts close again. consulab.com info@consulab.com 28 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 Level 1B exercise: Build a relay load circuit that is controlled by the relay. Additional Moduponent required: MD-4114 Solenoid. MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4040 MD-4114 MD-4114 MODUPONENT REVC SOLÉNOÏDE SOLENOID WIRING DIAGRAM #2 LEVEL 1B BASIC RELAY OPERATED CIRCUIT DONE Building on Level 1A assignment, proceed with connecting a load circuit (Solenoid). DO THIS: Turn power supply OFF. See wiring diagram #2 Connect another red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 30 of the MD- 4040 Relay (piggy backing wires is allowed). Connect another red wire between terminal 87 of the MD-4040 Relay to the RED terminal of MD-4114 Solenoid Moduponent™. Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of the MD-4114 Solenoid back to the BLACK (–) of the power supply (piggy backing wires is allowed). Based on lesson learned in the Level 1A assignment, discuss expected operation of MD-4114 Solenoid when power supply is switched from OFF to ON. Turn power supply OFF/ON to confirm relay operation. consulab.com info@consulab.com 29 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4040 MD-4114 MD-4114 MODUPONENT REVC SOLÉNOÏDE SOLENOID 1 4 5 6 7 2 3 WIRING DIAGRAM #3 LEVEL 1B BASIC RELAY OPERATED CIRCUIT DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #3 Based on lesson learned in the Level 1A&B exercise, discuss expected voltage readings at indicated circuit terminals (1-7) of both the control and load circuit, power supply ON, and w/85 ground con- nected or disconnected (CLOSED or OPEN) MD-4040 RELAY CIRCUIT TERMINAL CLOSED OPEN 1. (87) V V 2. (87A) V V 3. (30) V V 4. (85) V V 5. (86) V V 6. (Solenoid RED) V V 7. (Solenoid BLACK) V V Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 30 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 2 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 2 Level 2A exercise: Practice measuring voltage drops over the various circuits of a relay-controlled device. Remember: Voltage drop (Vd) is the loss of voltage by passing current through a resistance. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4070 Light Bulbs (optional) MD-4130 Fuses, MD-4090 SPST switches. MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4040 MD-4070 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 WIRING DIAGRAM #4 LEVEL 2A VOLTAGE DROP LESSONS (VD) DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #4 Using the MD-4000 electrical trainer with the MD-4070 Bulbs and MD-4040 12 V DC Relay modu- ponents, build the electrical circuit represented by the provided wiring diagram 1 (MD-4130 Fuses & MD-4090 SPST switches moduponents are optional). Set the DVOM to V DC ONLY check Vd with power supply ON (and optional MD-4090 SPST switches CLOSED) 1 Practice Vd on power side of CONTROL circuit (+): Red lead on power supply RED +, Black lead on terminal 86 of the MD-4040 12 V DC Relay 2 Practice Vd on ground side of CONTROL circuit (-): Red lead on terminal 85 of the MD-4040 12 V DC Relay, Black lead on power supply BLACK (-). 3 Practice Vd of the CONTROL circuit LOAD: Red lead on terminal 86 of MD-4040 12 V DC Relay, Black lead on terminal 85 of MD-4040 12 V DC Relay. consulab.com info@consulab.com 31 95-MD-4000-22 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 2 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4040 MD-4070 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 F2 F 3 F4 MODUPONENT REVC MD-4130 F1 FUSIBLES ATC ATC FUSES SPST SWITCHES MODUPONENT REVD MD-4090 INTÉRRUPTEURS SPST S2 S1 MD-4130 MD-4090 WIRING DIAGRAM #5 LEVEL 2A VOLTAGE DROP LESSONS (VD) DONE 4 Practice Vd on power side of LOAD circuit (+): Red lead on power supply RED +, Black lead on terminal 30 of the MD-4040 12 V DC Relay. 5 Practice Vd on ground side of LOAD circuit (-): Red lead on BLACK – terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Bulb, Black lead on power supply (-). 6 Practice Vd over the LOAD: Red lead on RED H terminal of the MD-4070 Bulb, Black lead on BLACK - of the MD-4070 Bulb. 7 Where is most of the voltage dropped in each circuit? 8 Using industry standard symbols, on a piece of paper draw a wiring diagram of this circuit using a relay to control a light bulb. 9 Are there any parts of this working circuit that have NOT had Vd measured? 10 If so, use a color highlighter to mark the wiring diagram LEVEL 2B CURRENT DRAW LESSON DONE Level 2B exercise: Practice measuring circuit amperage of the various circuits in a relay-controlled device. DO THIS: Set the DVOM to AMPs and switch meter leads to correctly measure current. 11 Open the relay CONTROL circuit and measure amperage: . 12 Open the relay LOAD circuit and measure amperage: See wiring diagram #5 Practice this entire exercise with different moduponent loads (fuses, switches, fan, solenoid, etc). Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 32 95-MD-4000-22 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) Electrical Symbol : LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.08'' PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' MD-4052 MODUPONENT THERMISTOR THERMISTANCE T NTC 10KΩ @ 25 °C 5.215 3.222 -T Theory of operation: A Thermistor is a type of resistor that changes its resistance based on its temperature. Unlike a resistor, an NTC therm- istor has the property where the electrical resistance (Ω) DECREASES as temperature INCREASES and can be measured with an ohmmeter. A thermistor does not “read” anything but senses the temperature around it which then changes the electrical resistance of it. It can be used to control a switch (transistor base) or provide an ECM with a temperature value. The operating range is non-linear (not a straight line) meaning that is achieves high precision within a limited temperature range and is used in climate control applications (HVAC) as well as engine and transmission temperature monitoring. MD-4000 MD-4062: redraw this for copyright purposes W MD-4058 * redraw this for copyright purposes Safety and Safeguards • Use ONLY the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do NOT heat thermistor with an open flame or a heat gun! • Carefully use body temperature or ice. • Not polarity sensitive. • Normally receives a 5V reference value. • NOT a switch of a load but can control the BASE of a transistor. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. consulab.com info@consulab.com 33 95-MD-4000-22 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4002 5V Regulator circuit control • MD-4011 Resistors circuit control • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4142 Transistors circuit control • MD-4111 Cooling Fan load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Ice • Thermometer consulab.com info@consulab.com 34 95-MD-4000-22 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 1 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Observe the operation of an NTC thermistor by measuring electrical resistance at different temperatures. NTC 10KΩ @ 25 °C THERMISTANCE NTC REVC NTC THERMISTOR MODUPONENT MD-4052 T WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1 BASIC THERMISTOR CONTROL OPERATION DONE Measure thermistor resistances at different temperatures. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the DVOM red lead to one of the yellow terminals of the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to one of the yellow terminals of the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω). 1 Measure resistance at room temperature: Ω 2 Using ice, cool the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor and measure the resistance at a lower temperature – how high can resistance be increased? Ω 3 Using just body heat, warm up the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor and measure resistance at a higher temperature – how low can resistance be decreased? Ω Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 35 95-MD-4000-22 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 2 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Simulate a typical automotive engine coolant temperature (ECT) circuit using the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator and MD-4052 NTC Thermistor to teach the understanding of reference voltage for diagnostics, while also introducing hidden resistance circuit characteristics. Additional Moduponent required but not included in kit: MD-4011 Resistors (10) NOTE: this exercise requires a 10kΩ resistor not included in the MD-4010 but available on the optional MD-4011 Resis- tors moduponent (or a single 10kΩ / 1W resistor will also work if available). NTC 10KΩ @ 25 °C THERMISTANCE NTC REVC NTC THERMISTOR MODUPONENT MD-4052 T SORTIE 5 VCC MODULE MAX 1A GND MODUPONENT REVD MD-4002 5 VDC OUTPUT 5VBAT MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #2 LEVEL 2 BUILD A 5 VOLT REFERENCE ECT STYLE CIRCUIT DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #2 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED BAT terminal of the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator. Connect a black wire from the BLACK GND terminal of the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect a red wire between the 5V terminal of the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator to either YELLOW terminal of the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor. Connect a black wire from the other YELLOW terminal of the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Set the DVOM to V DC. Connect the DVOM black lead to BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead piggy-back to the 5V red wire connected the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor, simulating back-probing an engine harness connector. consulab.com info@consulab.com 36 95-MD-4000-22 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 2 LEVEL 2 BUILD A 5 VOLT REFERENCE ECT STYLE CIRCUIT DONE 1 What is the voltage measured? V. 2 On an actual automobile, if any 5V referenced sensor is “back-probed” while the harness is still connected, what should the voltage measure? V. (see sensor specification chart provided below). 3 Now, with the DVOM still connected to the 5V reference wire, unplug it from the MD-4052 NTC Thermistor. What is the voltage measured? V. 4 In an actual automobile, if any 5V referenced sensor harness is “unplugged”, what will the volt- age at the sensor harness measure? V. 5 Why does this circuit not work like it does on an automobile? 6 See wiring diagram #3 in MD-4000-22-96 Look at wiring diagram 2 provided and correct the circuit built to make it work like an actual automobile and explain below what had to be done and why? 7 What does Negative Temperature Coefficient mean? Ignition Switch ON SENSOR SPECIFICATION CHART TEMPERATURE (Cº / Fº) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0º / 32º 3.3 − 3.7 V 20º / 68º 2.4 − 2.8 V 40º /104º 1.6 − 2.0 V 80º /176º 0.5 − -.9 V Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 37 95-MD-4000-22 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Electrical Symbol: PLEX 1/4" LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080''0.281'' SIG AN 9.8mV/in-po SIG PW 147uS/in-po MD-4056 ULTRASONIC SENSOR CAPTEUR ULTRASONIC 5V GNDSIG MODUPONENT + - SIG AN PW + - SIG AN PW Theory of operation: The MD-4056 Moduponent™ is an ultrasonic sensor that provides non-contact object detection. It uses high frequency sound to detect and locate objects in a variety of environments. This sensor measures the amount of time that a transmitted soundwave takes to be reflected back from an object. The time measurement is then used to calculate the distance to the object. These sensors are not affected by the color or other visual characteristics of the detected object allowing them to work well in a high glare environment. Because ultrasonic sensors use sound rather than light for detection, they work in ap- plications where photoelectric sensors may not. They will be afected by the temperature of the environment since the speed of sound slows down in colder environments. Ultrasonic sensors can have an on or off digital output for detecting the movement of objects, or an analog output pro- portional to distance. These sensors are widely used in cars as parking sensors to aid driver in navigating into parking spaces. They are being tested for a number of other automotive uses including ultrasonic people detection and assisting in au- tonomous navigation. consulab.com info@consulab.com 38 95-MD-4000-22 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply set to 5V or use the MD-4002 5V regulator Moduponent. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4142 Transistors theory • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation (resistance req’d) Additional Equipment: • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 39 95-MD-4000-22 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor — Level 1 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Measuring the signal from an ultrasonic sensor produced by motion using a DVOM. Additional Moduponent required: MD-4002 5-volt Regulator. MODUPONENT MD-4056 CAPTEUR À ULTRASONS ULTRASONIC SENSOR REVD 9.8mV/in-po SIG PW 147uS/in-po 5V GNDSIG SIG AN MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1 MEASURING VOLTAGE SIGNAL OUTPUT FROM AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 5.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. ** or use See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED 5V terminal of the MD- 4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Moduponent™. Connect a black wire between the BLACK - of the power supply to the BLACK GND terminal of the MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to mV. Connect the DVOM red lead to the BLUE SIG terminal of the MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK (-) terminal of the MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Moduponent™. Move switch to the LEFT / SIG AN (analog). 1 Move an object (your hand) close to the sensor and slowly move it farther away. Note any voltage changes and record range here: mV 2 Record any observations about the different signals related to speed of motion, distance that the sensor can read movement, or anything else? NOTE: The difference between Analog and PW signal will be explored with an oscilloscope in L2 Student Assignment Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 40 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs Electrical Symbols: PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4070 MODUPONENT L1 H - - + LIGHT BULBS AMPOULES L2 L 3.222 5.215 Theory of operation: The definition of incandescent is “emitting light as a result of being heated”. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted into another form. When we turn on a light bulb, we are confirming this theory by converting electrical energy into light and heat. In essence, a light bulb is a resisted short to ground causing the “resistor”, called a filament to heat up intensely producing light as a result. A filament is a thin coil of hard to melt wire encased in a glass bulb that is filled with an inert gas to prevent oxidation, and whose resistance increases as the temperature of it increases. The voltage dropped over the filament causes it to glow and a portion of the energy is converted into light . Incandescent light bulbs are still commonly used for: • Turn signal lighting • Interior illumination • Marker lights • Headlights. Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. consulab.com info@consulab.com 41 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4001 PWM circuit control Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 42 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 1 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Perform a simple resistance test of two different style bulbs, a single filament (192) and a double filament (1157) bulb. AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 WIRING DIAGRAM #1 WIRING DIAGRAM #2 WIRING DIAGRAM #3 LEVEL 1A MEASURING LOW BULB CIRCUIT RESISTANCE OF L1 BULB DONE Test the static (non-working) resistance of different bulbs with an ohmmeter. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED (L) terminal of the L1 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK (-) terminal of the L1 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 1 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω LEVEL 1B MEASURING HIGH BULB CIRCUIT RESISTANCE OF L1 BULB DONE Test the static (non-working) resistance of different bulbs with an ohmmeter. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #2 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED (H) terminal of the L1 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK (-) terminal of the L1 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 1 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω LEVEL 1C MEASURING BULB CIRCUIT RESISTANCE OF L2 BULB DONE Test the static (non-working) resistance of different bulbs with an ohmmeter. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #3 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED (+) terminal of the L2 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK (-) terminal of the L2 bulb on the MD-4070 Light Bulbs Switch Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) 1 Measure resistance at room temperature and record here: Ω Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 43 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Using Ohm’s Law (V = A x R), practice performing working resistance calculations of two different style bulbs, a single filament (192) and a double filament (1157) bulb. NOTE: Completion of SA7 Level 1 is required to continue with this assignment (or Level 2 of the MD-4040 12V DC Relay moduponent). LEVEL 2 DONE DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. LEVEL 2A Creating a simple series circuit to measure voltage and amperage DONE Measure the circuit voltage of bulb L2 in a series circuit. L2 BULB See wiring diagram #4 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Connect a black wire from the BLACK - terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED + terminal of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Set the DVOM to V DC. 1 Measure voltage and record here: V Measure the circuit amperage of bulb L2 a series circuit. Move the DVOM test leads to correctly allow amperage measurements to be made. Set the DVOM to A DC. Insert DVOM into the series circuit with the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb. 2 With circuit on and bulb lit, record amperage measurement here: A Calculate the working resistance of the L2 bulb using Ohms Law. 3 Using Ohm’s Law, calculate the working resistance of the L2 MD-4070 Light Bulb and record: Ω 4 Referring to the actual resistance readings taken in the Level 1 Student Assignment, compare that static resistance with the working resistance: STATIC Ω WORKING Ω. Why are they different? AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 MD-4070 WIRING DIAGRAM #4 consulab.com info@consulab.com 44 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 MD-4070 WIRING DIAGRAM #5 LEVEL 2B MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE OF BULB L1 LOW IN A SERIES CIRCUIT DONE Measure the circuit voltage of bulb L1 LOW in a series circuit. L1 LOW See wiring diagram #5 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED LOW terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Connect a black wire from the BLACK - terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED LOW terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Set the DVOM to V DC. 1 Measure voltage and record here: V Measure the circuit amperage of bulb L1 LOW a series circuit. Move the DVOM test leads to correctly allow amperage measurements to be made. Set the DVOM to A DC. Insert the DVOM into the series circuit with the L1 LOW MD-4070 Light Bulb. 2 With circuit on and bulb lit, record amperage measurement here: A Calculate the working resistance of the L1 LOW bulb using Ohms Law. 3 Using Ohm’s Law, calculate the working resistance of the L1 LOW MD-4070 Light Bulb and record: Ω 4 Referring to the actual resistance readings taken in the Level 1 Student Assignment, compare the static resistance with the working resistance: STATIC Ω WORKING Ω. Why are they different? consulab.com info@consulab.com 45 95-MD-4000-22 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4000 MD-4070 WIRING DIAGRAM #6 LEVEL 2C MEASURING CIRCUIT VOLTAGE OF BULB L1 HIGH IN A SERIES CIRCUIT DONE Measure the circuit voltage of bulb L1 LOW in a series circuit. L1 HIGH See wiring diagram #6 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED HIGH terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Connect a black wire from the BLACK - terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED HIGH terminal of the L1 MD-4070 Light Bulb. Set the DVOM to V DC. 1 Measure voltage and record here: V Measure the circuit amperage of bulb L1 HIGH a series circuit. Move the DVOM test leads to correctly allow amperage measurements to be made. Set the DVOM to A DC. Insert the DVOM into the series circuit with the L1 HIGH MD-4070 Light Bulb. 2 With circuit on and bulb lit, record amperage measurement here: A Calculate the working resistance of the L1 HIGH bulb using Ohms Law. 3 Using Ohm’s Law, calculate the working resistance of the L1 HIGH MD-4070 Light Bulb and record: Ω 4 Referring to the actual resistance readings taken in the Level 1 Student Assignment, compare the static resistance with the working resistance: STATIC Ω WORKING Ω. Why are they different? Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 46 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s Electrical Symbol: PLEXI 1/4" 8x Ø0.312 4x Ø0.359 LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.08''0.281'' MD-4071 MODUPONENT LEDS DIODES 5.215 3.222 Theory of operation: Completion of the MD-4140 Diode Moduponent student assignments is recommended before performing this lesson. First, it is important to understand that an LED cannot function alone on an electrical circuit. To avoid damaging it, it must be connected in series on the electrical circuit with an accessory or resistor. A diode is a two terminal semicon- ductor that allows current to flow in only one direction, having low resistance in one direction and high resistance in the other. While a conductor of electricity allows current to flow easily and an insulator of electricity prevents current from flowing, a semiconductor is made of material that allows current to flow and resists it at the same time. It usually only allows current to flow when a certain limit or threshold voltage has been reached. It prevents flow up to that threshold and then “opens” to allow current to flow. A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor that emits light in the form of photons when current is passed through it. All LED’s are diodes but not all diodes are LED’s. Testing of a diode with a multimeter is accurately achieved with the “diode test” function of the ohmmeter. This test po- sition allows a higher test voltage to be used by the ohmmeter, high enough voltage to “turn on” the diode. When using the diode test function, the reading you get is actually the voltage drop over the diode, not a measurement of ohm’s. An LED will emit light when connected with respect to polarity and will not illuminate if connected with reverse polarity. LED lights are commonly used for headlights, interior lighting, warning indicators, turn signals and brake lights. Safety and Safeguards • WARNING: Do not apply direct current (12 Vdc) directly to the MD-4071 LED bulbs, as additional circuit resistance is required to prevent damage to these diodes. • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • Polarity and circuit resistance needs to be observed here. consulab.com info@consulab.com 47 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4041 Flasher load operation • MD-4110 Buzzer load operation • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4112 Stepper Motor load operation • MD-4113 Chime load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 48 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 1 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Observe the polarity of 4 LED’s by measuring them with an ohmmeter in both direction. AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S WIRING DIAGRAM #1 AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S WIRING DIAGRAM #2 LEVEL 1 BASIC LED OPERATION DONE Measure the continuity and the polarity of LED’s. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the YELLOW LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the YELLOW LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 1 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 2 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here: V See wiring diagram #2 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the WHITE LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the WHITE LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 3 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 4 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here: V consulab.com info@consulab.com 49 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 1 AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S WIRING DIAGRAM #3 AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S WIRING DIAGRAM #4 LEVEL 1 BASIC LED OPERATION DONE DO THIS: See wiring diagram #3 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the RED LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the RED LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 5 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 6 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here: V See wiring diagram #4 Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the GREEN LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the GREEN LED on the MD-4071 LED’s Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 7 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 8 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here: V 9 Record any other observations noticed while performing this exercise. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 50 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 2 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Using Ohm’s Law, determine the correct circuit resistance needed to create a circuit that allows each of the four (4) LED’s to illuminate. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4010 Resistors. LEVEL 2 UNDERSTANDING LED CIRCUIT OPERATION DONE Calculate the protective resistance required in an LED circuit. WARNING: Do NOT apply 12 V DC directly to any of the MD-4071 LED’s because additional circuit resistance is required to avoid damaging the LED. DO THIS: MD-4071 LED Electrical specifications: Max. operating Voltage = 12 V DC LED forward Vd = 2.1 V DC LED test current = 20 mA Using Ohm’s Law and the electrical specifications for the MD-4071 LED, calculate the resistance (resistor) needed to protect the LED from over current damage. 1 Record answer here: Ω 2 Is this resistance value available on the MD-4010 Resistors moduponent? . 3 What is the highest resistor value available? Ω 4 Which value in the Ohm’s Law formula can be adjusted to reach the resistance value required? Ω 5 Using Ohm’s Law, re-calculate the values needed to build a LED protected circuit using the com- ponents available. Record your values here: Ω 6 What happens if you apply too much voltage to an LED? 7 What happens if you apply too much current to an LED? 8 Is a LED a voltage or current driven device? consulab.com info@consulab.com 51 95-MD-4000-22 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 2 AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4000 MD-4010 MD-4071 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #5 LEVEL 2 UNDERSTANDING LED CIRCUIT OPERATION DONE Build 4 LED circuits. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Adjust the power supply as needed. (CAUTION: see above calculations). Turn OFF the power supply. See wiring diagram #5 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the correct resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors moduponent. Connect a red wire from the remaining resistor terminal not used above on the MD-4010 Resistors to the RED terminal of the YELLOW LED. Connect a black wire from the BLACK GND terminal of the YELLOW LED back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Turn ON the power supply and verify LED illuminates. Repeat this part of the exercise and build circuits for the remaining three LED’s. Practice checking voltage drops and current draw. Switch polarity and observe LED operation. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 52 95-MD-4000-22 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch Electrical Symbol : MD-4091 MODUPONENT DPDT S1 S2 LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' Theory of operation: DPDT = Double Pole, Double Throw. A Double Pole Double Throw switch has 2 inputs and 4 possible outputs; each input has 2 corresponding outputs that it can connect to. Each of the terminals of a double pole double throw switch can be in either 1 of 3 positions: • ON to 2 circuits (B & E) • OFF • ON to 2 circuits (C & F). Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • No polarity to be observed here. consulab.com info@consulab.com 53 95-MD-4000-22 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation • MD-4041 Flasher load operation • MD-4110 Buzzer load operation • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4112 Stepper Motor load operation • MD-4113 Chime load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 54 95-MD-4000-22 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 1 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Observe the continuity of all the multiple switch positions (DPDT) by measuring with an ohmmeter for continuity in each position. This Moduponent has two (2) identical but separate DPDT switches – S1 & S2. Confirm continuity for S1 as follows: ALL TERMINALS A - F A B C F D E S1 LEVEL 1 MD-4091 DPDT SWITCH LEVEL 1 BASIC SWITCH OPERATION DONE Check for continuity (closed circuit) in all positions of a DPDT switch. DO THIS: See above diagram Connect the DVOM red lead to the correct yellow terminal of the S1 MD-4091 DPDT Moduponent™ referred to in column 1 of the chart on next page, Connect the DVOM black lead to the correct yellow terminal of the S1 MD-4091 DPDT Moduponent™ referred to in column 2 of the chart on next page, Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω). While observing correct switch position in column 3 of the chart below, record the ohmmeter reading in column 4 of the chart on next page. Now, interpret the ohmmeter reading as “OPEN” or “CLOSED” in column 4 of the chart on next page. consulab.com info@consulab.com 55 95-MD-4000-22 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 1 RED LEAD BLACK LEAD SWITCH POSITION METER READING OPEN or CLOSED CIRCUIT A D UP Ω A D MIDDLE Ω A D DOWN Ω A B UP Ω A B MIDDLE Ω A B DOWN Ω A C UP Ω A C MIDDLE Ω A C DOWN Ω D E UP Ω D E MIDDLE Ω D E DOWN Ω D F UP Ω D F MIDDLE Ω D F DOWN Ω Based on the above testing, which terminals are connected and when? Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 56 95-MD-4000-22 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 2 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Using the MD-4000 12 V DC power supply, build circuits controlled by a DPDT switch. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4070 Lights Bulbs, MD-4040 Relay and MD-4130 Fuses AMPOULES MODUPONENT MD-4070 REVD LIGHT BULBS HI B COM A L2 LO L1 F2 F 3 F4 MODUPONENT REVC MD-4130 F1 FUSIBLES ATC ATC FUSES S1 S2 COMMUTATEURS DPDT DPDT SWITCHES MODUPONENT MD-4091 REVC 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MD-4000 MD-4130 MD-4091 MD-4040 MD-4070 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 2 BASIC DPDT SWITCHED CIRCUIT OPERATION DONE Build a circuit following the provided wiring diagram #1 that includes the 12V DC power supply, MD-4130 Fuses, MD-4040 Relay, MD-4091 DPDT switches and MD-4070 Bulbs Moduponents. Using the instructor provided printed copy of this partially drawn wiring diagram, finish draw- ing it to reflect a circuit that does this: Use ONE of the MD-4091 DPDT Switches to control the MD-4040 Relay to allow: the MD-4070 Lights Bulb L1 LOW light to operate when the switch is moved UP the MD-4070 Lights Bulb L1 HIGH light to operate when the switch is moved DOWN the MD-4070 Lights Bulb L1 light to be OFF when the switch is moved CENTER DO THIS: 1 After completing the wiring diagram, then build the circuit as per completed wiring diagram #1. Verify operation and show instructor for credit . Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 57 95-MD-4000-22 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor Electrical Symbol: PLEXI 1/4" LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080''0.281'' MD-4111 MODUPONENT FAN VENTILATEUR 5.215 3.222 M Theory of operation: Brushless DC motors are just as the name states – direct current electric motors that don’t use any type of contact brushes to complete an electrical circuit in order to move the rotor. Instead, these motors have permanent magnets on the rotor while the electromagnets are in the stator. A computer controls the electromagnets in the stator to induce the rotation of the rotor up to full 360-degrees. They can be used for precise motion control, positioning or actuation, as well as for a fan motor due to good speed- torque characteristics, high efficiency, wide speed ranges and low maintenance. Brushless DC motors are commonly used to: • Cool radiators (thermostatically controlled) • Interior ventilation fans • Aspirator fans • Hybrid battery coolers Safety and Safeguards • Use ONLY the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • Turning blades will not cause injury. • Polarity to be observed due to electronic controls (cannot be damaged). consulab.com info@consulab.com 58 95-MD-4000-22 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4052 Thermistor circuit control • MD-4142 Transistors circuit control • MD-4001 PWM circuit control • MD-4141 Optical sensor circuit control Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 59 95-MD-4000-22 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 1 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Understand DC brushless motor electrical polarity by building a simple circuit to operate the motor. MODUPONENT MD-4111 REVC 12VCC FAN VENTILATEUR 12 VCC MD-4000 MD-4111 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1 BASIC DC BRUSHLESS MOTOR POLARITY AND OPERATION DONE Build a brushless motor circuit using the built-in variable power supply as source voltage. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. Turn OFF the power supply. See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED terminal of the MD-4111 Fan Moduponent™. Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of the MD-4111 Fan back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Fan circuit is now ready to test. Turn power supply ON and observe fan operation. ** NOTE fan will not operate if polarity is reversed due to internal solid-state circuitry. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 60 95-MD-4000-22 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 2 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Measure a brushless DC fan motor current draw under normal operation and with mechanical resistance to compare. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4090 SPST Switch. MODUPONENT MD-4111 REVC 12VCC FAN VENTILATEUR 12 VCC MD-4000 MD-4111 SPST SWITCHES MODUPONENT REVD MD-4090 INTÉRRUPTEURS SPST S2 S1 MD-4090 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #2 LEVEL 2A DC BRUSHLESS MOTOR CURRENT DRAW LESSON DONE Build a brushless motor circuit using the built-in variable power supply as source voltage. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #2 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the any terminal of the MD-4090 SPST Switch moduponent . Connect a red wire between the remaining terminal of the MD-4090 SPST Switch to the red terminal of the MD-4111 Fan moduponent. Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of the MD-4111 Fan back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Fan circuit is now ready to test. Turn MD-4090 SPST Switch ON and verify fan operation. Turn MD-4090 SPST Switch OFF consulab.com info@consulab.com 61 95-MD-4000-22 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 2 LEVEL 2B DC BRUSHLESS MOTOR CURRENT DRAW LESSON DONE Switch the DVOM leads to measure amperage. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #2 Open circuit and place DVOM in series with the fan motor. Turn MD-4090 SPST Switch ON. 1 Observe and record circuit amperage here: A. 2 According to Ohm’s Law, does amperage go up or down when electrical resistance is added to a circuit? . See wiring diagram #2 With a finger, slow down the fan, (adding resistance) while observing amperage. 3 Did amperage follow the previous answer? 4 What is the cause of this amperage reading? *remember, Ohm’s Law is a Law Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 62 95-MD-4000-22 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid Electrical Symbol: PLEX 1/4" 5.215 3.222 LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080''0.281'' X2 SOLENOÏDE MD-4114 SOLENOID MODUPONENT Theory of operation: Solenoid is the generic term for a coil of wire used as an electromagnet that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy or motion. In other words, an electromagnet is used to cause something else to physically move. A solenoid creates a magnetic field from electric current and uses that magnetic field to create linear motion – to physi- cally move an object (pintle, armature, plunger, linkage, etc). Solenoids are commonly used as: • Fuel injectors • Starter motor drive gear control • Emission control – purge solenoids • Automatic Transmissions – shift solenoids • Electric door and trunk locks. Safety and Safeguards • Use ONLY the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Polarity should be observed but cannot damage a solenoid if reversed. • This Moduponent™ will not work correctly without a switch, the power supply current ramp is not instant enough to operate solenoid (Level 3 lesson). • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. consulab.com info@consulab.com 63 95-MD-4000-22 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4142 Transistors circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4141 Optical Sensor circuit control • MD-4071 LED’s circuit operation confirmation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 64 95-MD-4000-22 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 1 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Build a simple circuit to energize and observe solenoid operation. Additional Moduponent required: MD-4090 SPST Switch. MD-4000 SPST SWITCHES MODUPONENT REVD MD-4090 INTÉRRUPTEURS SPST S2 S1 MD-4090 MD-4114 MODUPONENT REVC SOLÉNOÏDE SOLENOID MD-4114 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + WIRING DIAGRAM #1 LEVEL 1 BASIC SOLENOID OPERATION DONE Build a solenoid circuit using the built-in variable power supply as source voltage. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120VAC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply, Test for 12.0 VDC at the power supply, adjust as needed. Turn OFF the power supply. See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the any terminal of the MD-4090 SPST Switch Moduponent™. Connect a red wire between the remaining terminal of the MD-4090 SPST Switch to the RED terminal of the MD-4114 Solenoid Moduponent™. Connect a black wire from the black terminal of the MD-4114 Solenoid back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Circuit is now ready to test. Turn MD-4090 SPST Switch ON/OFF and watch for motion of the solenoid plunger. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 65 95-MD-4000-22 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 2 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: Build a complete working electric solenoid circuit including switches, relays and circuit protection. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4040 12 V DC Relay, MD-4091 DPDT switches. Optional Moduponents suggested: MD-4130 Fuses and MD-4090 SPST switches. LEVEL 2 BUILD A COMPLETE WORKING ELECTRIC SOLENOID CIRCUIT DONE Build a complete working electric solenoid circuit. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 110 VAC outlet. Turn ON the power supply, Test for 12 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. Turn OFF the power supply. 1 Use the printed diagram showing components ONLY on next page. Using the provided component ONLY diagram, complete drawing the electrical circuit that would operate the solenoid incorporating the MD-4000 power supply, MD-4114 Solenoid, MD-4040 12 V DC Relay, and MD-4091 DPDT switches moduponents. * Optional moduponents: MD-4130 Fuses and MD-4090 SPST switches HINT: CONTROL SIDE: Source voltage, protection, switch, relay coil and ground circuit. HINT: LOAD SIDE: Source voltage, protection, relay contacts, solenoid and ground circuit. On the MD-4000 trainer, actually build the circuit from that drawing. Circuit is now ready to test. 2 Turn the MD-4090 SPST switch ON/OFF and verify circuit operation using a visual observation of solenoid plunger motion 3 Using industry standard symbols, on a piece of paper redraw a wiring diagram of this circuit using a power source, fuses, switches, and a relay to control an electric solenoid. consulab.com info@consulab.com 66 95-MD-4000-22 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 2 INCOMPLETE WIRING DIAGRAM SHOWING COMPONENTS ONLY MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 S1 S2 COMMUTATEURS DPDT DPDT SWITCHES MODUPONENT MD-4091 REVC MD-4114 MODUPONENT REVC SOLÉNOÏDE SOLENOID F2 F 3 F4 MODUPONENT REVC MD-4130 F1 FUSIBLES ATC ATC FUSES RELAY SOLENOID ATC FUSES DPDT SWITCHES Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 67 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes Electrical Symbol: MD-4140 DIODES D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 DB1 MODUPONENT PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' x2 LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' 5.215 6.500 Theory of operation: A diode is a two terminal component that allows current to flow in only one direction by having low resistance in one direction and high resistance in the other. The two terminals are called the anode (+) and the cathode (-) and a circuit is said to be forward biased when source voltage is applied to the anode and ground reference is connected to the cath- ode. While a conductor of electricity allows current to flow easily and an insulator of electricity prevents current from flow- ing, a semiconductor is made of material that allows current to flow and resists it at the same time. It usually only allows current to flow when a certain limit or threshold voltage has been reached. It prevents current flow up to that threshold and then “opens” to allow current to flow. A diode also has a high reverse breakdown voltage and is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) – see Zener diode. Testing of a diode with a multimeter is only achieved using the “diode test” function of the ohmmeter. This test position allows a higher test voltage to be used by the ohmmeter, high enough voltage to “turn on” the diode. When using the diode test function, the reading you get is actually the voltage drop over the diode, not resistance. Diodes are commonly used for computer electronics, current rectification (alternator produced AC voltage rectified to DC for battery charging purposes), switch isolation in security systems, heating and air conditioning operation, and elec- trical circuit current spike suppression. consulab.com info@consulab.com 68 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • Polarity to be observed here. Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4041 Flasher load operation • MD-4110 Buzzer load operation • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4112 Stepper Motor load operation • MD-4113 Chime load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM consulab.com info@consulab.com 69 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 1 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 1 Level 1A exercise: Observe the polarity of 4 diodes by measuring them using the diode check function of a DVOM. D2 D3 D4 D5 DB1 DIODES MODUPONENT MD-4140 REVD D1 DIODES D1 WIRING DIAGRAM D2 D3 D4 D5 DB1 DIODES MODUPONENT MD-4140 REVD D1 DIODES D2 WIRING DIAGRAM LEVEL 1A BASIC OPERATION DONE Measure continuity and polarity of diode. DO THIS: D1 Diode #1 See D1 wiring diagram Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the D1 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the D1 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 1 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 2 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here : Ω D2 Diode #2 See D2 wiring diagram Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the D2 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the D2 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 1 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 2 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here : Ω consulab.com info@consulab.com 70 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 1 D2 D3 D4 D5 DB1 DIODES MODUPONENT MD-4140 REVD D1 DIODES D3 WIRING DIAGRAM D2 D3 D4 D5 DB1 DIODES MODUPONENT MD-4140 REVD D1 DIODES D4 WIRING DIAGRAM LEVEL 1A BASIC OPERATION DONE Measure continuity and polarity of diode. D3 Diode #3 See D3 wiring diagram Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the D3 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the D3 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 1 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 2 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here : Ω D4 Diode #4 See D4 wiring diagram Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the D4 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the D4 diode of the MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent™. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. 1 Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record here: V 2 Reverse ohmmeter leads and record measurement here : Ω Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 71 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 2 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 2 Level 2 exercise:Verify the operation of the D5 Zener diode on MD-4140 Diodes Moduponent by testing the reverse (Zener) voltage. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4010 Resistors (wiring diagrams are provided in the instructor’s manual only) LEVEL 2 ZENER DIODE OPERATION DONE DO THIS: D5 Zener Diode 1 Research the definition of Zener diodes and write your interpretation below: 2 How can you test a Zener diode? 3 Explain forward and reverse bias voltage: 4 Draw an illustration showing how to test the forward bias voltage of this isolated diode (have instructor check this before proceeding) Drawing #1 5 Proceed with testing the forward bias voltage of this isolated diode FORWARD BIAS V 6 Draw an illustration showing how to test the reverse bias voltage of this isolated diode (have instructor check this before proceeding) Drawing #2 7 Proceed with testing the reverse bias voltage of this isolated diode REVERSE BIAS V 8 Draw an illustration showing how to test the forward bias voltage of this diode IN a circuit incorporating the 470 Ω of the MD-4010 Resistors moduponent as the circuit load (have instructor check this before proceeding) Drawing #3 Wire this circuit on the MD-4000 as drawn, paying attention to voltage bias and circuit resistance. Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Set the DVOM to DC Voltage (20V scale). Start with 5.0 V DC at the power supply, test to verify first. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the D5 Zener Diode 9 Record the voltage available at the Zener diode V 10 While still measuring voltage available at the Zener diode, slowly turn up circuit voltage and observe DVOM. Does available voltage go up also? 11 Regardless of the voltage applied to this circuit, where is the rest of the circuit voltage that is not available at the Zener diode? consulab.com info@consulab.com 72 95-MD-4000-22 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 2 LEVEL 2 ZENER DIODE OPERATION DONE 12 Perform a voltage drop over the Zener diode while adjusting circuit voltage – what is happening here? 13 Perform a voltage drop over the resistor while adjusting circuit voltage – what is happening here? 14 Draw an illustration showing how to test the reverse bias voltage of this diode IN a circuit (have instructor check this before proceeding) Drawing #4 Wire this circuit on the MD-4000 as drawn, paying attention to voltage bias and circuit resistance. Turn ON the power supply. Set DVOM on DC Voltage (20V scale) Start with 5.0 V DC at the power supply, test to verify first. Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK – terminal of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to the BLACK terminal of the D5 Zener Diode. 15 Record the reverse bias voltage available at the diode V 16 Using the adjustable power supply, slowly increase voltage to the D5 diode in this reversed bias condition until the voltage drop over the diode stabilizes compared to source voltage and record that voltage here: V This is the diodes Zener level. 17 Compare to source voltage now: V 18 Where is the rest of the voltage being dropped now? DB1 Diode Bridge Connect the DVOM black lead to the BLACK terminal of the DB1 Diode Bridge. Connect the DVOM red lead to the RED terminal of the DB1 Diode Bridge. Set DVOM on DC Voltage (20V scale). Turn ON the power supply to 12.0V Connect a red wire from the RED + of the power supply to the LEFT YELLOW terminal of the DB1 Diode Bridge. Connect a black wire from the BLACK - of the power supply to the RIGHT YELLOW terminal of the DB1 Diode Bridge. 1 Read and record the Voltage reading here: V Draw out the Diode bridge and illustrate how the + and – travel through it to achieve the voltage reading obtained. Drawing #5 REVERSE + and – at the YELLOW terminals of the DB1 Diode Bridge. 2 Read and record the Voltage reading here: V Draw out the Diode bridge and illustrate how the + and – travel through it to achieve the voltage reading obtained. Drawing #6 Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 73 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors Electrical Symbols: PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES 5.215 3.222 Photoresistor PhototransistorPhotodiode PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES 5.215 3.222 PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES 5.215 3.222 Theory of operation: The MD-4141 Moduponent includes three (3) optical sensors: one photoresistor, one photodiode and one phototransis- tor. Each of these optical sensors incorporate a different electronic component that is sensitive to incoming light, using either a resistor, a diode or a transistor. Each of these sensors receive light to activate them, using unique characteris- tics to control a circuit or component. Prior knowledge of semiconductors like resistors, diodes and transistors are recommended prior to completing these assignments. Photoresistor A photoresistor’s resistance decreases with an increase in light intensity and can be used in light sensitive circuits. When there is low to no light, the resistance increases and this characteristic is used to control a transistor that in turn switch- es a circuit on. A common example would be security lighting that comes on at dusk. In an automobile, this could be also be used to control the automatic day/night rearview mirror element. Photodiode A photodiode is a type of semiconductor diode which actually generates an electric current when light is applied to its surface. It converts the light’s energy into an electrical current. This actual response time is slower as their surface area increases, such as in a solar panel, but is still faster than the phototransistor. Photodiodes are designed to operate in consulab.com info@consulab.com 74 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors both forward or reverse bias and used to switch circuits in electronic devices like a smoke detector or CD player. In an automobile, this could be used to sense sunload or twilight in climate control applications. Phototransistor The phototransistor is a two or three terminal semiconductor that converts light energy into electric current. It is a spe- cial design transistor which has a light sensitive base, not a regular transistor base. When the base of this NPN transistor is exposed to light, the phototransistor converts it to electrical current proportional to the amount of light applied. The phototransistor amplifies the input light and the output current can be measured at the collector of the transistor. This component is used to detect light. Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply. • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet. • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON. • Observe polarity as component could be damaged. Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4142 Transistors theory • MD-4010 Resistors theory • MD-4140 Diodes theory • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4111 Fan load operation • MD-4070 Light Bulbs load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation (resistance req’d) Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Flashlight consulab.com info@consulab.com 75 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 1 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 1 Prior knowledge of semiconductors like resistors, diodes and transistors are recommended before completing these assignments (see Moduponents™ MD-4010, MD-4140 & MD-4142). Level 1 exercise:observe the characteristics of three optical sensors. This Moduponent has three (3) Optical Sensors – the photoresistor, the photodiode, and the phototransistor that we will test for light sensitivity by measuring with a DVOM. MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES REVF WIRING DIAGRAM #1 MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES REVF WIRING DIAGRAM #2 LEVEL 1A PHOTORESISTOR OPERATION DONE Measure the photoresistor resistance and how light affects it. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #1 Connect the DVOM red lead to either yellow terminal of the MD-4041 Photoresistor. Connect the DVOM black lead to either yellow terminal of the MD-4041 Photoresistor. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω). 1 In normal room light, measure and record the resistance measurement: Ω 2 Now, cover the photoresistor sensor to block light, observe and record the resistance measurement: Ω 3 Now, expose the photoresistor sensor to the light from a flashlight, observe and record the resistance measurement: Ω 4 Did the resistance go up or down when exposed to light? consulab.com info@consulab.com 76 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 1 LEVEL 1B PHOTODIODE OPERATION DONE Measure the photodiode resistance and how light affects it. DO THIS: See wiring diagram #2 Connect the DVOM black lead to either black terminal of the MD-4041 Photodiode. Connect the DVOM red lead to either red terminal of the MD-4041 Photodiode. Set the DVOM to Ω. 1 Measure and record the Ω reading: Ω Set the DVOM to mV 2 Measure and record the mV reading: mV Cover the sensor with your hand. 3 Measure and record the mV reading: mV Now, shine a light on the sensor. 4 Measure and record the mV reading: mV LEVEL 1C PHOTOTRANSISTOR OPERATION DONE Measure the phototransistor resistance and how light affects it. DO THIS: Connect the DVOM red lead to the red terminal of the MD-4041 Phototransistor. Connect the DVOM black lead to black terminal of the MD-4041 Optical Sensors. Set the DVOM to mV. 1 Measure and record the mV reading: mV Cover the sensor with your hand. 2 Measure and record the mV reading: mV Now, shine a light on the sensor. 3 Measure and record the mV reading: mV Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 77 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 2 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 2 Prior knowledge of semiconductors like resistors, diodes and transistors are recommended before completing these assignments (see Moduponents™ MD-4010, MD-4140 & MD-4142). Level 2 exercise: Build a working electrical circuit using 3 different optical sensors to turn on an LED. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator, MD-4071 LED. MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES REVF SORTIE 5 VCC MODULE MAX 1A GND MODUPONENT REVD MD-4002 5 VDC OUTPUT 5VBAT AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + MD-4002 MD-4141MD-4071 WIRING DIAGRAM #3 LEVEL 2 PHOTORESISTOR OPERATION DONE Build a circuit using a photoresistor to operate an LED. DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed * if MD-4002 5V regulator is not available, adjust power supply to 5V before proceeding. See wiring diagram #3 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to the RED BAT terminal of the MD- 4002 5 Volt Regulator. Connect a black wire from the BLACK GND terminal of the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Connect a red wire between the 5V terminal of the MD-4002 5 Volt Regulator to one of the YEL- LOW terminals of the MD-4141 photoresistor. Connect another red wire from the other YELLOW terminal of the MD-4141 photoresistor to the RED terminal of any MD-4071 LED. consulab.com info@consulab.com 78 95-MD-4000-22 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 2 LEVEL 2 PHOTORESISTOR OPERATION DONE See wiring diagram #3 Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of the MD-4071 LED back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Shine a bright light onto the photoresistor and observe LED operation. Connect the DVOM black lead to BLACK – of the power supply. Connect the DVOM red lead to various test points of the circuit and observe voltage changing with light application. 1 Explain why the LED illuminates when the photoresistor is exposed to light. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 79 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) Electrical Symbol: PLEXI 1/4" 0.281'' x 2 LAMER 7/16'' PROF 0.080'' MD-4142 TRANSISTORS T3 NPN T4 T2T1 PNP MODUPONENT 5.215 6.500 NPN PNP Theory of operation: Transistors are created by combining several types of semiconductor materials into a component assembly. Like diodes, transistors control current flow and are used in many automotive applications such as solid-state switches. The type of transistor in this exercise is a Bipolar Transistors. Bipolar transistors vary current levels to control current. A transistor is a single semiconductor crystal that contains two junctions, one positive and one negative (PN). It is con- structed so that a P-type section is «sandwiched» between two N-type sections or an N-type section is «sandwiched» between two P-type sections. The transistor is similar to a diode. However, transistors contain three sections instead of two. The three materials are arranged so that N-type and P-type materials alternate either as an NPN or a PNP group. Unlike a Diode having two leads, transistors have three In both NPN and PNP transistors, the three sections are called the emitter, the base, and the collector. In the schematic symbol, the emitter is identified by an arrowhead. Just as in the diode, the arrowhead points in the direction of conven- tional current flow and opposite to electron flow. It also points toward the N-type material. This will help you distinguish between an NPN and PNP schematic symbol. To provide conduction through the transistor, current must be supplied to the emitter-base circuit. A transistor works consulab.com info@consulab.com 80 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) by using the base to control the current flow between the emitter and the collector. When the transistor is “turned on,” current can flow in the direction of the arrow only. When the transistor is “off,” current can’t flow in either direction EMITTER CIRCUIT: PNP transistors: The emitter is connected to the most positive voltage usually through a stabilizing resistor. NPN transistors: The emitter ties to the negative terminal through a resistor. Collector Circuit: The collector is connected to the opposite battery terminal, usually through a load. Base Circuit: The base voltage is established by a voltage divider that keeps a forward bias (difference voltage) between base and emitter. Current Flow: The forward bias turns the transistor on and lets it draw a steady current It’s important to realize that the base leg of a bipolar transistor controls the flow of current. Although it accounts for only a small amount of the total current flow (typically around 2% of the total), it is current flow through the base that allows current to flow from emitter to collector. Changing the base current a little results in a big change in the collector current. The emitter to base voltage is referred to as the bias voltage. The polarity of the bias voltage is determined by the type of transistor being used, NPN or PNP. To determine the polarity of the bias in a transistor, follow this simple rule. The arrow in the transistor always points to the negative. The current through the emitter circuit is always the largest of all. In fact, the emitter current must be equal to the base current added to the collector current. Put another way, the current in the emitter circuit is split between the base circuit and the collector circuit. Some compare transistors to relays – a high current circuit controlled by a low current switch. Transistor common uses: • Electronic circuit control • Switches for circuit boards and relays Safety and Safeguards • ONLY use the protected built-in power supply • Operates on a single 120VAC 15A outlet • Do not leave this trainer unattended with the power ON consulab.com info@consulab.com 81 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) Companion Moduponents™ • MD-4130 Fuses protection • MD-4090 SPST Switch circuit control • MD-4091 DPDT Switch circuit control • MD-4040 Relay circuit control • MD-4010 Resistors load operation • MD-4071 LED’s load operation • MD-4114 Solenoid load operation • MD-4111 Fan load operation Additional Equipment • Safety Glasses • DVOM • Moduponent™ MD-4010 Resistors. • Moduponent™ MD-4071 LED’s. • Moduponent™ MD-4091 DPDT Switch. consulab.com info@consulab.com 82 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 1 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 1 Level 1 exercise: Practice identifying transistor types and terminals. LEVEL 1 BASIC TRANSISTOR OPERATION DONE Identify transistor types (PNP or NPN). DO THIS: T1 On T1 transistor, note the terminal colors: BLUE RED BLACK. See table #1 Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM red lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #1, column +. Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM black lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #1, column −. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record in table #1, column Meter Reading. Once all the tables are complete, we will analyze the results. T2 On T2 transistor, note the terminal colors: BLUE RED BLACK. See table #2 Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM red lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #2, column +. Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM black lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #2, column −. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record in table #2, column Meter Reading. Once all the tables are complete, we will analyze the results. T3 On T3 transistor, note the terminal colors: BLUE RED BLACK. See table #3 Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM red lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #3, column +. Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM black lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #3, column −. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record in table #3, column Meter Reading. Once all the tables are complete, we will analyze the results. consulab.com info@consulab.com 83 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 1 LEVEL 1 BASIC TRANSISTOR OPERATION DONE DO THIS: T4 On T4 transistor, note the terminal colors: BLUE RED BLACK. See table #4 Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM red lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #4, column +. Following the table on next page, connect your DVOM black lead to the terminal of the MD-4142 Transistors Moduponent™ listed in table #4, column −. Set the DVOM to Ohms (Ω) / Diode Test. Measure voltage drop at room temperature and record in table #4, column Meter Reading. Once all the tables are complete, we will analyze the results. Table #1 — T1 Transistor + - Meter Reading BLUE RED V BLUE BLACK V RED BLUE V RED BLACK V BLACK BLUE V BLACK RED V Table #2 — T2 Transistor + - Meter Reading BLUE RED V BLUE BLACK V RED BLUE V RED BLACK V BLACK BLUE V BLACK RED V Table #3 — T3 Transistor + - Meter Reading BLUE RED V BLUE BLACK V RED BLUE V RED BLACK V BLACK BLUE V BLACK RED V Table #4 — T4 Transistor + - Meter Reading BLUE RED V BLUE BLACK V RED BLUE V RED BLACK V BLACK BLUE V BLACK RED V NOTES: You should have 4 readings of OL and 2 voltage readings. The common terminal COLOR that you get a reading other than OL in the rows establish which terminal is the base. The column that the common terminal is in establishes whether the base is P or N. The higher of the 2 readings will identify which terminal is the emitter. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : consulab.com info@consulab.com 84 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2 Level 2 exercise: In each part of this exercise, three circuits will be created: 1. A relay control circuit 2. A relay load circuit 3. A photoresistor and transistor circuit used as the relay control switch. Additional Moduponents required: MD-4141 Optical Sensors, MD-4040 Relay, MD-4010 Resistors, and MD-4071 LED’s. 220Ω - 1W 470Ω - 0.5W 47Ω - 5W MODUPONENT 100Ω - 2W REVC RÉSISTANCES RESISTORS MD-4010 MD-4141 MODUPONENT OPTICAL SENSORS CAPTEURS OPTIQUES REVF 86 87 3087a MODUPONENT RELAIS ISO 12 VCC REVD 12VDC ISO RELAY MD-4040 85 MODUPONENT MD-4000 2-15 V SOURCE CC VARIABLE REVC DC POWER SUPPLY - ON/OFF RESET O.L. 3A. MAX. + TRANSISTORS MODUPONENT MD-4142 NPN T4 T2T1 PNP TRANSISTORS T3 REVD MD-4141 MD-4142MD-4000 MD-4010 AMPOULES À DEL MD-4071 MODUPONENT REVD LED'S MD-4071MD-4040 WIRING DIAGRAM #1 consulab.com info@consulab.com 85 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2 LEVEL 2A CREATE AN LED CIRCUIT CONTROLLED BY A PHOTORESISTOR, RELAY AND A NPN TRANSISTOR DONE NPN DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 30 of the MD-4040 Relay. Connect another red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 86 of the MD- 4040 Relay. Connect a red wire between the 87A of the MD-4040 Relay and one of the terminals to the 470 Ω / 0.6 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors. Connect a red wire between the other terminal of the 470 Ω / 0.6 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors to any RED terminal of any LED on the MD-4071 LED. Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of that LED on the MD-4071 LED’s back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Using the “photoresistor” component of the MD-4141 Optical Sensors and either of the NPN transistors on the MD-4042 Transistors, complete the circuit using the photoresistor to switch the transistor on, allowing ground to the relay coil. 1 Upon completion, describe what happens when the photoresistor is exposed to light & dark: 2 When circuit is complete, functioning correctly and observed by an instructor, draw a wiring dia- gram of this circuit. consulab.com info@consulab.com 86 95-MD-4000-22 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2 LEVEL 2B CREATE AN LED CIRCUIT CONTROLLED BY A PHOTORESISTOR, RELAY AND A NPN TRANSISTOR DONE PNP DO THIS: Plug in the power supply to a 120V AC 15A outlet. Turn ON the power supply. Test for 12.0 V DC at the power supply, adjust as needed. See wiring diagram #1 Connect a red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 30 of the MD-4040 Relay. Connect another red wire between the RED + of the power supply to terminal 86 of the MD-4040 Relay. Connect a red wire between the 87A of the MD-4040 Relay and one of the terminals to the 470 Ω / 0.6 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors. Connect a red wire between the other terminal of the 470 Ω / 0.6 W resistor on the MD-4010 Resistors to any RED terminal of any LED on the MD-4071 LED. Connect a black wire from the BLACK terminal of that LED on the MD-4071 LED’s back to the BLACK – of the power supply. Using the “photoresistor” component of the MD-4141 Optical Sensors and either of the PNP transistors on the MD-4042 Transistors, complete the circuit using the photoresistor to switch the transistor on, allowing ground to the relay coil. 1 Upon completion, describe what happens when the photoresistor is exposed to light & dark: 2 When circuit is complete, functioning correctly and observed by an instructor, draw a wiring dia- gram of this circuit. Name : Group : Date : Instructor : Grade : 400-6330 Zéphirin-Paquet St. Québec QC G2C 0M3 Canada © ConsuLab Educatech Inc, 2026. All rights reserved. General Description Features Educational Advantages List of MD-4000-22 Moduponents™ Student Assignments SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) (47 Ω, 100 Ω, 220 Ω, 470 Ω) Theory of operation: SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 1 SA-1 — MD-4010 Resistors (4) — Level 2 SA-2 — MD-4020 Capacitors (4) (100 µF, 100 µF, 1100 µF, 2200 µF) Theory of operation : SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 1 SA-2 — Capacitors (4) — Level 2 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer Theory of operation: SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 1 SA-3 — MD-4030 Potentiometer — Level 2 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay Theory of operation: SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 1 SA-4 — MD-4040 12VDC 5-pin ISO Relay — Level 2 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) Theory of operation: SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 1 SA-5 — MD-4052 Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor (NTC) — Level 2 SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor Theory of operation: SA-6 — MD-4056 Ultrasonic Sensor — Level 1 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs Theory of operation: SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 1 SA-7 — MD-4070 Light Bulbs — Level 2 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s Theory of operation: SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 1 SA-8 — MD-4071 LED’s — Level 2 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch Theory of operation: SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 1 SA-9 — MD-4091 Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch — Level 2 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor Theory of operation: SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 1 SA-10 — MD-4111 Fan Motor — Level 2 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid Theory of operation: SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 1 SA-11 — MD-4114 Solenoid — Level 2 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes Theory of operation: SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 1 SA-12 — MD-4140 Diodes — Level 2 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors Theory of operation: SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 1 SA-13 — MD-4141 Optical Sensors — Level 2 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors (2 x PNP, 2 x NPN) Theory of operation: SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 1 SA-14 — MD-4142 Transistors — Level 2
